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Pressure ulcer as an adverse event
Vydrová, Ivana ; Klokočková, Šárka (advisor) ; Nikodemová, Hana (referee)
The bachelor thesis "Decubitus as an adverse event" deals with the comparison of the modified Norton scale and the Braden scale. Furthermore, the thesis deals with the frequency of decubitus in the Central Military Hospital in Prague. The aim of the work was to compare the accuracy of both scales. Another aim of the work was to monitor the preventive measures introduced. Part of the work was to determine and describe the frequency of occurrence of decubitus in the selected medical facility. The theoretical part of the thesis explained the basic definitions and essential concepts related to decubitus, adverse events and departmental safety objectives. The empirical part contains the results of the actual research investigation and its comparison with the results of studies focusing on similar topics. Method: a mixed methods research design was chosen. Results: 48.48% of the respondents rated the risk of decubitus according to both scales in agreement. In 51.52 % respondents the evaluation according to one scale did not correspond to the evaluation according to the other scale. The Braden scale had a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 59%. The Norton scale also had a sensitivity of 100%, but a significantly lower specificity of 3%. Of the preventive measures used, skin care, pain assessment, and...
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Rating scales in traumatology
PROKOPOVÁ, Martina
This diploma thesis is split into two parts - a theoretical and an empirical one. Most of the content of the theoretical part is created by description of individual scales and tests, used for different areas. There are briefly mentioned phenomena of traumatology, the history of trauma centers in the Czech Republic and the nursing care. In this part there is also information regarding nursing documentation which the evaluation scales are part of. The first unit of research part of the diploma thesis was realized in the form of quantitative survey on the basis of semi-structured interviews with nurses working at trauma department. The results of this survey were examined in details with help of categorization and coding. The most important answers of the people surveyed were shown in diagrams, which were created according to the defined categories. For the second unit was chosen quantitative research, performed in the form of non-standardized questionnaire with the total of 110 people surveyed. The results of the questionnaire survey were statistically processed. Regarding the questionnaire survey, five research questions and two hypothesis were identified. The aim of this paper was to research the use of evaluation scales for patients in traumatology and at the same time to map the point of view of nurses on the issue of evaluation scales and their use in nursing. According to the statistical results it is true that the opinion of nurses, regarding the scales, is affected by the length of their praxis and the level of education. The results of the research concluded that evaluation techniques are positively accepted by the nurses. With their help, it is possible to evaluate a patient´s skills, needs and problems with nursing care, in a simple way. According to the survey, nurses did not see some of the scales as objective because in case of some items, there might occur projection of personal perception into the process of evaluation. The reason is the lack of information which nurses are missing when using the scales. The nurses are aware of benefits of using these scales but they do mind the time spent for filling it. The struggle with time is a commonand constant problem the nurses have. It is given by the disproportionate number of tasks caused by the lack of staff. That is the reason why no greater interest can be expected. In traumatology, according to the result, the greater application of scales will be found with VAS and CGS scales.
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Standardized examinations of spasticity in physiotherapy
Špačková, Anežka ; Tichá, Monika (advisor) ; Jeníček, Jakub (referee)
Title: Standardized examinations of spasticity in physiotherapy Abstract: This bachelor's thesis is aimed at giving an overview of the most commonly used standardized examinations of spasticity in physiotherapy and their comparison. It deals mainly with the best known methods of examinations that are used in practice. The thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part, muscle tone and its regulation and spasticity as one of the upper motor neurone syndrome symptoms are specified. Moreover, the methods of examination (Ashworth scale and its modifications, Tardieu scale and five-step clinical assessment of spastic paresis according to Gracies) are presented and described in detail there. The practical part contains two case reports of patients after a cerebrovascular accident. Examinations and evaluations of spasticity, including Modified Frenchay scale or walk tests, which are described in the theoretical part, are applied to patients. The main contribution of this thesis is to create a comprehensive comparison of standardized examinations of spasticity through studies and my personal experience. Key words: spasticity, upper motor neurone syndrome, examinations and evaluations of spasticity, rating scales, Modified Frenchay scale, walk tests, five-step clinical...
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Standardized examinations of spasticity in physiotherapy
Špačková, Anežka ; Tichá, Monika (advisor) ; Jeníček, Jakub (referee)
Title: Standardized examinations of spasticity in physiotherapy Abstract: This bachelor's thesis is aimed at giving an overview of the most commonly used standardized examinations of spasticity in physiotherapy and their comparison. It deals mainly with the best known methods of examinations that are used in practice. The thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part, muscle tone and its regulation and spasticity as one of the upper motor neurone syndrome symptoms are specified. Moreover, the methods of examination (Ashworth scale and its modifications, Tardieu scale and five-step clinical assessment of spastic paresis according to Gracies) are presented and described in detail there. The practical part contains two case reports of patients after a cerebrovascular accident. Examinations and evaluations of spasticity, including Modified Frenchay scale or walk tests, which are described in the theoretical part, are applied to patients. The main contribution of this thesis is to create a comprehensive comparison of standardized examinations of spasticity through studies and my personal experience. Key words: spasticity, upper motor neurone syndrome, examinations and evaluations of spasticity, rating scales, Modified Frenchay scale, walk tests, five-step clinical...
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Impact of Number of Scale Points on Attitude Measurement
Bláhová, Vendula ; Remr, Jiří (advisor) ; Soukup, Petr (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the rating scales, which are widely used in the attitude measurement, namely with the impact of their length (number of scale points) on measurement, both in terms of cognitive processes in the minds of respondents and impact on the data. Hypotheses, formulated on the basis of the literature and tested using data obtained from a split ballot experiment and cognitive interviews, are related to the comparability of results, distribution of responses and task demands. The Net Promoter Score from the environment of market research, expressing respondent's willingness to recommend a service or company used, is used as an application example. It originally uses 0 to 10 eleven-point scale which is here compared to five-point scale from 1 to 5 using various recoding and rescaling techniques. Analysis shows that rating on eleven-point and five-point scales means two different cognitive tasks for respondents (eleven-point scale is a bit more demanding but more accurate in respondents perception) and that the data differ from each other in terms of distribution of responses - on short range scale, midpoint and extreme positive category are selected more often, while on eleven-point scale, milder positive points are used more often.
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The use of evaluation methods in the practical nursing care.
KUBÁTOVÁ, Jitka
The aim of this study was to survey evaluation and measurement techniques that are used in practice. I have chosen this topic because demands on individual work of nurses are increasing and evaluation techniques and rating scales may help nurses in their work.Through the quantitative survey using questionnaires, opinions of 354 nurses at the bedside, and 61 nurse managers from 22 hospitals in the Czech Republic were surveyed. We wanted to identify the most common scales used in our hospitals and to find the reason why those specific scales are used. What problems nurses find in evaluation by scales, or what benefits the scales bring about. The respondents were also asked questions relating to risk management and the use of scales in this field. If prevention is the primary objective by which nurses try to anticipate more serious complications, what benefits the system brings to patients. The results of the investigation could be a clue to the efficient use of scales in practice and suggestions for managerial decisions when choosing suitable, acceptable parameters that will meet patients´ as well as medical staff members´ requirements.
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